Dosto, ye chapter Haryana ke sabse purane itihaas ki kahani hai — Sindhu Ghati Sabhyata (Rakhigarhi jaise sites) se lekar Vedic kaal, Harshavardhana ka raaj, Tarain ki ladaiyan, aur Delhi Sultanate ke daur tak.
HSSC CET Group D mein is chapter se har baar 2–4 questions aate hain — mostly direct facts: kaunsi site kis district mein hai, kisne kya likha, kaunsi ladai kab hui.
Tension mat lo — sab kuch chhote-chhote points, tables aur tricks ke saath samjhaya gaya hai. Bas dhyan se padho aur end mein quiz khelo! 💪
1. 'Haryana' Naam Kahan Se Aaya?
- Sabse popular theory: Hari (Bhagwan Vishnu/Krishna) + Ayana (ghar/aana) = "Hari ka ghar". Mahabharata aur Gita ka updesh yahin hua tha, isliye ye naam fit baithta hai.
- Dusri theory: Harit Aranya = "hara-bhara jungle" (green forest). Purane samay mein ye area ghane jangalon se bhara tha.
- Palam Baoli inscription (1276 CE) mein is region ko "Hariyanaka" likha gaya hai — ye naam ka sabse purana likhit praman mana jata hai.
- Sultanpur inscription (1328 CE) (Delhi Museum) mein Haryana ko "dharti ka swarg" (heaven on earth) kaha gaya hai. Ye line exam mein aa chuki hai!
2. Sindhu Ghati Sabhyata (Harappan Civilization) ke Sites
Haryana Harappan sabhyata ka bada kendra tha. Sabse important sites yaad karlo — district ke saath, kyunki exam mein "kaunsi site kis district mein" hi sabse zyada pucha jata hai:
| Site | District | Khas Baat (Key Point) |
|---|---|---|
| Rakhigarhi | Hisar | India ki sabse badi Harappan site (approx. 350 hectare). DNA studies bhi yahan hui. Excavation: Amarendra Nath (ASI), baad mein Prof. Vasant Shinde. |
| Banawali | Fatehabad | Excavation R.S. Bisht ne kiya. Yahan se mitti ka khilona hal (terracotta plough) mila — bahut famous point! |
| Kunal | Fatehabad | Pre-Harappan site. Yahan se chandi ka mukut (silver crown) mila. |
| Bhirrana | Fatehabad | India ke sabse purane Harappan-era settlements mein gina jata hai. |
| Mitathal | Bhiwani | Excavation Suraj Bhan ne kiya. Copper objects mile. |
| Siswal | Hisar | Pre-Harappan culture — isko "Siswal Culture" naam diya gaya. |
| Balu | Kaithal | Harappan site — anaaj (grains) ke praman mile. |
| Farmana | Rohtak | Bada Harappan qabristan (burial site) mila. |
3. Vedic Kaal — Saraswati ki Dharti
- Haryana Saraswati aur Drishadvati nadiyon ke beech basa tha. Is pavitra region ko Manusmriti mein "Brahmavarta" kaha gaya hai.
- Mana jata hai ki Rigveda jaise granthon ki rachna isi Saraswati belt mein hui — isliye Haryana ko "Vedic Sabhyata ka janmasthal" bhi kehte hain.
- Kurukshetra — yahan Mahabharata ka yuddh (18 din) hua. Bhagwan Krishna ne Gita ka updesh Jyotisar (Kurukshetra) mein diya.
- Kurukshetra ko "Dharmakshetra" bhi kaha jata hai. Ye naam Gita ke pehle shlok mein aata hai — "Dharmakshetre Kurukshetre..."
- Raja Kuru ke naam par Kurukshetra naam pada. Kuru vansh ki rajdhani Asandivat (aaj ka Assandh, Karnal) mani jati hai.
4. Mahajanapada, Maurya aur Baad ka Daur
- 16 Mahajanapadas mein se Kuru Mahajanapada Haryana–Delhi region mein tha. Iski rajdhani Indraprastha thi.
- Agroha (Hisar) — Maharaja Agrasen ki nagri. Agrawal samaj inhe apna purvaj mante hain. Agroha mein purani vyapari (trade) nagri ke avshesh mile hain.
- Sugh / Srughna (Yamunanagar) — prachin kaal ka bada shiksha kendra (education centre). Chinese yatri Hiuen Tsang ne iska zikr kiya.
- Maurya samrat Ashoka ne Topra (Yamunanagar) mein apna stambh (pillar) lagwaya tha. Baad mein Firoz Shah Tughlaq ise 1356 ke aas-paas Delhi (Firoz Shah Kotla) le gaya. Ye question bahut baar aaya hai!
- Ashoka kaal ka Buddhist stupa Chaneti (Yamunanagar) mein hai.
- Yaudheya Ganarajya — ek veer republic jo Haryana region mein raaj karta tha. Inke sikke (coins) Rohtak ke Khokhrakot se mile hain. Rohtak ko purane samay mein "Bahudhanyaka" (bahut anaaj wali dharti) kaha jata tha.
5. Vardhana Vansh aur Harshavardhana (Thanesar)
- Pushyabhuti (Vardhana) vansh ki rajdhani Thanesar (purana naam Sthanvishvara, Kurukshetra district) thi. Vansh ka sansthapak Pushyabhuti mana jata hai.
- Prabhakarvardhana is vansh ka pehla pratapi raja tha. Uske bete: Rajyavardhana aur Harshavardhana.
- Harshavardhana 606 CE mein gaddi par baitha — isi saal se "Harsha Samvat" shuru hua. Wo North India ka last bada Hindu samrat mana jata hai.
- Harsha ne baad mein apni rajdhani Thanesar se Kannauj shift kar li.
- Harsha ke darbari kavi Banabhatta ne "Harshacharita" (Harsha ki biography) aur "Kadambari" likhi. Harsha khud bhi lekhak tha — usne Nagananda, Ratnavali, Priyadarshika naatak likhe.
- Chinese yatri Hiuen Tsang (Xuanzang) Harsha ke samay India aaya aur Thanesar ka varnan kiya.
6. Tomar, Chauhan aur Tarain ki Ladaiyan
- Vardhana vansh ke baad Haryana region par Tomar vansh ka control aaya. Tomar raja Anangpal ne Dhillika (Delhi) basayi.
- 12th century mein Chauhan shaktishali hue — Prithviraj Chauhan III ne Delhi–Haryana region par raaj kiya.
- Tarain ka Pehla Yuddh (1191 CE) — Prithviraj Chauhan ne Muhammad Ghori ko haraya. Tarain/Taraori Karnal district mein hai.
- Tarain ka Dusra Yuddh (1192 CE) — Muhammad Ghori jeeta, Prithviraj Chauhan hara. Iske baad North India mein Muslim shasan ka raasta khula.
- Prithviraj ke darbari kavi Chand Bardai ne "Prithviraj Raso" likhi.
⚔️ Confusion mat karna!
Tarain 1191 = Prithviraj jeeta | Tarain 1192 = Ghori jeeta. Trick: "1 baar Prithviraj, 2sri baar Ghori" — 1191 mein 1st (P), 1192 mein 2nd (G).
7. Delhi Sultanate ka Daur (1206–1526)
- 1206 se Haryana Delhi Sultanate ke under aa gaya (Gulam vansh se Lodhi vansh tak).
- Razia Sultan (pehli mahila shasak) ki mrityu 1240 CE mein Kaithal ke paas hui. Uska maqbara (tomb) Kaithal mein mana jata hai. Ye bahut common question hai!
- Firoz Shah Tughlaq Haryana ke liye sabse important Sultan:
- 1354 CE mein Hisar-e-Firoza (aaj ka Hisar) city basayi.
- Fatehabad city basayi — apne bete Fateh Khan ke naam par.
- Nahrein (canals) banwayi aur Topra ka Ashokan pillar Delhi shift kiya.
- Timur ka aakraman (1398 CE) — Timur ne Haryana ke Sirsa, Fatehabad, Kaithal jaise ilaqon mein bhari loot-maar ki.
- Sultanate ka aakhri vansh Lodhi vansh tha — aakhri Sultan Ibrahim Lodhi, jo 1526 mein Panipat ki Pehli Ladai mein Babur se hara. (Puri kahani Chapter 2 mein!)
8. Shehron ke Purane Naam (Old Names) — Hot Topic! 🔥
| Aaj ka Naam | Purana Naam |
|---|---|
| Kurukshetra | Dharmakshetra / Brahmakshetra |
| Thanesar | Sthanvishvara |
| Panipat | Panduprastha (Panprastha) |
| Sonipat | Swarnaprastha (Sonprastha) |
| Rohtak | Rohitakgarh / Bahudhanyaka |
| Hansi | Asigarh |
| Jind | Jayantapuri |
| Safidon | Sarpadaman |
| Hisar | Hisar-e-Firoza |
| Mahendragarh | Kanaud |
| Gurugram | Guru Dronacharya ka gaon (Guru-gram) |
India ki sabse badi Harappan site?tap 👆
Rakhigarhi (Hisar) — approx. 350 hectare
Banawali kis district mein hai?tap 👆
Fatehabad — R.S. Bisht ne khudai ki, terracotta hal mila
Kunal site se kya famous cheez mili?tap 👆
Chandi ka mukut (silver crown) — Kunal, Fatehabad
Manusmriti mein Haryana region ko kya kaha gaya?tap 👆
Brahmavarta — Saraswati & Drishadvati ke beech ka area
Gita ka updesh kahan diya gaya?tap 👆
Jyotisar, Kurukshetra
"Hariyanaka" naam kis inscription mein?tap 👆
Palam Baoli inscription (1276 CE)
Harshavardhana ki rajdhani?tap 👆
Thanesar (Sthanvishvara) — baad mein Kannauj
Harshacharita kisne likhi?tap 👆
Banabhatta — Harsha ka darbari kavi
Harsha gaddi par kab baitha?tap 👆
606 CE — isi saal Harsha Samvat shuru
Tarain ka Pehla Yuddh (1191) kaun jeeta?tap 👆
Prithviraj Chauhan — Ghori hara
Tarain ka Dusra Yuddh (1192) kaun jeeta?tap 👆
Muhammad Ghori — Prithviraj hara
Tarain / Taraori kis district mein hai?tap 👆
Karnal
Razia Sultan ki mrityu kahan hui?tap 👆
Kaithal ke paas, 1240 CE
Hisar city kisne aur kab basayi?tap 👆
Firoz Shah Tughlaq, 1354 CE (Hisar-e-Firoza)
Fatehabad kiske naam par basa?tap 👆
Firoz Shah ke bete Fateh Khan ke naam par
Topra ka Ashokan pillar Delhi kaun le gaya?tap 👆
Firoz Shah Tughlaq (Topra, Yamunanagar → Firoz Shah Kotla)
Yaudheya sikke kahan se mile?tap 👆
Khokhrakot, Rohtak — Rohtak = "Bahudhanyaka"
Agroha kis maharaja ki nagri hai?tap 👆
Maharaja Agrasen — Agroha, Hisar
Prachin shiksha kendra "Srughna" aaj kahan hai?tap 👆
Sugh, Yamunanagar
Timur ne Haryana par kab aakraman kiya?tap 👆
1398 CE — Sirsa, Fatehabad, Kaithal mein loot
Hansi ka purana naam?tap 👆
Asigarh (talwaron ka garh)
Kuru vansh ki rajdhani Asandivat aaj kahan hai?tap 👆
Assandh, Karnal
Pre-Harappan "Siswal Culture" kis district se?tap 👆
Siswal, Hisar
1328 CE inscription mein Haryana ko kya kaha gaya?tap 👆
"Dharti ka swarg" (heaven on earth) — Sultanpur inscription
| Fact / Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sabse badi Harappan site (India) | Rakhigarhi (Hisar) |
| Banawali ka excavator | R.S. Bisht (Fatehabad district) |
| Mitathal ka excavator | Suraj Bhan (Bhiwani district) |
| Manusmriti mein region ka naam | Brahmavarta |
| Mahabharata yuddh ke din | 18 din, Kurukshetra |
| Gita updesh sthal | Jyotisar (Kurukshetra) |
| "Hariyanaka" ka sabse purana likhit praman | Palam Baoli inscription, 1276 CE |
| Vardhana vansh ki rajdhani | Thanesar (Sthanvishvara) |
| Harsha ka rajyabhishek | 606 CE (Harsha Samvat) |
| Banabhatta ki rachnayein | Harshacharita, Kadambari |
| Harsha ke naatak | Nagananda, Ratnavali, Priyadarshika |
| Tarain 1st battle | 1191 — Prithviraj jeeta |
| Tarain 2nd battle | 1192 — Ghori jeeta |
| Razia Sultan ki mrityu | 1240 CE, Kaithal |
| Hisar-e-Firoza ki sthapna | 1354 CE, Firoz Shah Tughlaq |
| Timur ka aakraman | 1398 CE |
| Ashokan pillar (Topra) kis district mein tha | Yamunanagar |
| Yaudheya coins ka sthan | Khokhrakot (Rohtak) |
Trick 1: Fatehabad ke 3 Harappan sites
Fatehabad ki BKB
Banawali + Kunal + Bhirrana = teeno Fatehabad mein!
Baaki: Rakhigarhi & Siswal = Hisar | Mitathal = Bhiwani | Balu = Kaithal | Farmana = Rohtak
Fatehabad ki BKB
Banawali + Kunal + Bhirrana = teeno Fatehabad mein!
Baaki: Rakhigarhi & Siswal = Hisar | Mitathal = Bhiwani | Balu = Kaithal | Farmana = Rohtak
Trick 2: Tarain ki ladaiyan
1st P, 2nd G
1191 mein Prithviraj jeeta, 1192 mein Ghori jeeta. Alphabet mein bhi P pehle sochne se G ka badla yaad rahega — "Pehle Prithviraj, phir Ghori ka badla"!
1st P, 2nd G
1191 mein Prithviraj jeeta, 1192 mein Ghori jeeta. Alphabet mein bhi P pehle sochne se G ka badla yaad rahega — "Pehle Prithviraj, phir Ghori ka badla"!
Trick 3: Firoz Shah Tughlaq ke kaam (Haryana mein)
HFC-Pillar
Hisar basaya (1354) + Fatehabad basaya + Canals banwayi + Topra Pillar Delhi le gaya.
HFC-Pillar
Hisar basaya (1354) + Fatehabad basaya + Canals banwayi + Topra Pillar Delhi le gaya.
Trick 4: Banabhatta vs Harsha ki books
BAAN ne HK likha
Baanabhatta = Harshacharita + Kadambari. Harsha ke khud ke 3 naatak = NRP (Nagananda, Ratnavali, Priyadarshika).
BAAN ne HK likha
Baanabhatta = Harshacharita + Kadambari. Harsha ke khud ke 3 naatak = NRP (Nagananda, Ratnavali, Priyadarshika).
PYQ (asked in HSSC exams)
Q1. Rakhigarhi, the largest Harappan site in India, is located in which district of Haryana?
💡 Rakhigarhi Hisar district mein hai — India ki sabse badi Harappan site (approx. 350 hectare).
Practice (exam-style)
Q2. The Harappan site of Banawali, excavated by R.S. Bisht, is in which district?
💡 Banawali Fatehabad mein hai — yahan se terracotta hal (plough) mila tha.
Practice (exam-style)
Q3. In Manusmriti, the region between the Saraswati and Drishadvati rivers is called:
💡 Saraswati–Drishadvati ke beech ka pavitra region = Brahmavarta (Manusmriti).
PYQ (asked in HSSC exams)
Q4. Lord Krishna delivered the sermon of the Bhagavad Gita at which place in Kurukshetra?
💡 Gita ka updesh Jyotisar mein diya gaya — wahan aaj bhi pavitra vat vriksh hai.
Practice (exam-style)
Q5. King Harshavardhana ascended the throne of Thanesar in which year?
💡 606 CE — isi saal se Harsha Samvat calendar shuru hua.
PYQ (asked in HSSC exams)
Q6. Who wrote "Harshacharita", the biography of King Harshavardhana?
💡 Banabhatta — Harsha ka darbari kavi; usne Kadambari bhi likhi.
Practice (exam-style)
Q7. The First Battle of Tarain (1191 CE) was fought between Muhammad Ghori and:
💡 1191 mein Prithviraj Chauhan ne Ghori ko haraya; 1192 mein Ghori jeet gaya.
Practice (exam-style)
Q8. Tarain (Taraori), the battlefield of the famous battles of 1191 and 1192, lies in which district?
💡 Taraori Karnal district mein hai — Panipat se confuse mat hona!
PYQ (asked in HSSC exams)
Q9. Razia Sultan, the first woman ruler of Delhi, was killed in 1240 CE near which place in Haryana?
💡 Razia Sultan ki mrityu Kaithal ke paas hui — uska maqbara bhi wahin mana jata hai.
PYQ (asked in HSSC exams)
Q10. The city of Hisar (Hisar-e-Firoza) was founded in 1354 CE by:
💡 Firoz Shah Tughlaq ne 1354 mein Hisar-e-Firoza basaya; Fatehabad bhi usi ne basaya.
Practice (exam-style)
Q11. The Ashokan pillar shifted to Delhi by Firoz Shah Tughlaq was originally located at Topra, in present-day district:
💡 Topra Yamunanagar mein hai — pillar aaj Firoz Shah Kotla (Delhi) mein khada hai.
Practice (exam-style)
Q12. Coins of the Yaudheya republic were found at Khokhrakot, located in which district?
💡 Khokhrakot Rohtak mein hai — Rohtak ka purana naam "Bahudhanyaka" bhi yaad rakho.
Practice (exam-style)
Q13. The old name of Hansi town was:
💡 Hansi = Asigarh ("asi" = talwar). Jayantapuri = Jind, Sarpadaman = Safidon, Swarnaprastha = Sonipat.
Haryana ka itihaas Harappan sabhyata se shuru hota hai — Rakhigarhi (Hisar) India ki sabse badi site hai, aur Banawali, Kunal, Bhirrana (Fatehabad) bhi top sites hain.
Vedic kaal mein ye region Brahmavarta kehlaya; Kurukshetra mein Mahabharata yuddh hua aur Jyotisar mein Gita ka updesh mila.
Harshavardhana (606 CE) ne Thanesar se raaj kiya — uske kavi Banabhatta ne Harshacharita likhi.
Tarain (Karnal) mein 1191 mein Prithviraj jeeta, 1192 mein Ghori — iske baad Delhi Sultanate aayi.
Sultanate daur mein Razia Sultan Kaithal mein maari gayi (1240), Firoz Shah Tughlaq ne Hisar (1354) aur Fatehabad basaye, aur Timur ne 1398 mein hamla kiya.
1526 mein Ibrahim Lodhi ke saath Sultanate ka ant hua — wahi se Chapter 2 (Panipat) shuru hota hai! 🚀